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Apulian vase painting ：ウィキペディア英語版

Apulian vase painting

The archaeology of ancient Apulia has been exceedingly obscure until the last few decades, and even now its obscurity is only enlightened by flashes thrown on certain parts, such as the Apulian vase painting which may be divided into two areas: Apulian geometric pottery and the Apulian red figure pottery.
The legitimate iron age sequel to the Neolithic and bronze age culture of Matera and Molfetta has not yet been discovered and the pre-history of Daunia, Peucetia and Messapia begins to take shape as a coherent whole only with the 7th century. Even then our knowledge is almost confined to the pottery, but it offers a rich field for study.〔For the main sections of this article, these primary sources have been consulted and referenced throughout the text: with its basic bibliography and notes, especially useful in the illustration of specific pottery; Stephen B. Luce, ("Early Vases from Apulia" ), ''The Museum Journal'', Volume X, December, 1919, Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1919, pp. 217-225; the essential texts by Michele Gervasio(it), ''Bronzi arcaici e ceramica geometrica nel Museo di Bari'', Bari, 1921, for which see also E. Douglas Van Buren's synoptical review on : (''Classical Philology'' ), Vol. 17, No. 2, Apr., 1922, pp. 176-179; also Michele Gervasio, ''I dolmen e la civiltà del bronzo nelle Puglie'', Bari, 1913; Filli Rossi, ''Ceramica geometrica apula'', Bretschneider Giorgio, 1981, as well as his ''Ceramica geometrica daunia'', Dedalo, 1993. Fundamental work is the German Maximilian Mayer, (''Apulien vor und während der Hellenisierung'' ), B.G. Teubner, 1914 as well as his specifically researched (''Molfetta und Matera'' ), Karl W. Hiersemann, 1924. Generally, compare the requisite David Randall-MacIver, (''The Iron Age in Italy'' ), Clarendon Press, 1927.〕
==Geometric Pottery==

The subject of the painted pottery has been put on a scientific basis by the intensive studies of Maximilian Mayer, who has identified and distinguished the products of the several provincial schools, and has established a scheme of dating which, with some slight rectifications and adjustments, due principally to Italian archaeologist Michele Gervasio, may be considered as final.〔 The division of schools corresponds very closely to the old pre-Roman distribution of the region into three sections. Of these the most northern is Daunia, extending from the promontory of Gargano to the most southern point in the course of the river Aufidus; next to which is Peucetia, which for purposes of this classification may be said to begin at Bari and end at Egnatia. South of a line drwan from Egnatia to Taranto, the whole heel of Italy, with Lecce at its centre, is Messapia. Each of these regions has its own peculiar and well marked style in pottery. The chronology of all three is not precisely concurrent; actually the Daunian school is dated from about 600 to 450BC and the Peucetian from 650 to 500BC, while the Messapian only begins at 500BC and lasts for two centuries. Wholly distinct is a much later Daunian school confined to Canosa, which belongs to the fourth and third centuries and may be called late-Canosan.〔Cf. David Randall-MacIver, (''The Iron Age in Italy, cit.'' ); see also Stephen Luce, ("Early Vases from Apulia" ), ''The Museum Journal, loc. cit.'', pp. 191-220.〕
This chronology excludes any connection with the Mycenaean. Actually no single example of Mycenaean ware has ever been discovered between the Alps and the Gulf of Taranto. But at two places in Apulia, Mattinata on the promontory of Gargano and the Borgo Nuovo at Taranto, geometric pottery of the very early iron age has been found. These two isolated discoveries, however, have yet to be explained; they stand apart from all other Apulian products and their proper connections have not been ascertained. The pottery of Mattinata and of Borgo Nuovo is apparently a foreign importation and its date is several centuries earlier than that of the regular Apulian schools now to be described.〔

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